The Solana blockchain uses an innovative Proof of History mechanism to confirm transactions that are recorded on the network. Solana is designed to separate the consensus process from the flow of transactions. This is done with a recursive, verifiable delay function that hashes incoming transactions, and recording information as a function of time. Every node on the Solana blockchain is assigned a cryptographic clock that enables the network to determine the time and ordering of transactions, without having to wait for consensus from other nodes. By separating the process of transaction verification from their recording, a higher throughput is achieved without sacrificing network security.

Cardstack is a blockchain technology company that is developing an open-source framework and consensus protocol to make blockchains more usable and scalable. Their goal is to create a decentralized modular smart contract ecosystem. The Cardstack network is powered by the Ethereum-based CARD token.

QuarkChain is building a blockchain with a focus on speed and scalability. They hope to significantly improve transaction times and reduce fees with an architecture that will rely on a two-layered blockchain and elastic sharding. QuarkChain uses a hybrid Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism that is ASIC-resistant. Transactions are first confirmed on one blockchain layer, and then on the second. The network will be powered by the QKC coin.