The Interplanetary File System (IPFS) is a decentralized network protocol for sharing hypermedia in a distributed file system. IPFS can be used to link blockchain transactions This effectively timestamps and secures the content, without having to put the data on the chain itself. Filecoin, an IPFS-based decentralized storage cloud, is closely related with the IPFS protocol, and provides the incentive system.

CanonChain is developing an underlying blockchain protocol based on Fog networking and a Proof-of-Participation (PoP) consensus mechanism. Their network is designed to provide incentives for contributing computing resources on fragmented networks, and is powered by the Ethereum-based CZR token, known as Xuanchi.

BOScoin is a South Korean company that is developing a self-evolving cryptocurrency platform for trust contracts. It uses an embedded decision-making system called Congress Network and has a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. BOScoin is working to construct an algorithm for smart contracts that will ensure binary responses. BOScoin tries to solve this problem of undecidability of smart contracts by using a domain-specific language understandable by the average user. It also tries to mathematically demonstrate the decidability of its smart contracts’ implementation. To do this, they've introduced the concept of Trust Contracts; which are securely executable contracts based on a technology called Owlchain.