Fantom is developing a smart contract platform based on a directed acyclic graph (DAG). They hope to address the scalability issues of current decentralized platforms. Instead of a blockchain, Fantom's Lachesis Protocol uses a directed acyclic graph to confirm transactions asynchronously. This transaction history is immutable and cannot be modified. The platform's Opera Chain will consist of three layers: an application Layer, Opera Ware Layer, and Opera Core Layer. Fanotm issued an Ethereum-based token in 2018.

RIF Token powers the Root Infrastructure Framework Open Standard network. The platform will consist of a suite of open and decentralized infrastructure protocols that will enable faster and easier development of DApps that can work on the Bitcoin blockchain. RIF is built on the RSK smart contract platform, which is secured by Bitcoin's blockchain.

Skycoin began as an ambitious infrastructure project aimed at replacing the Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus algorithms that dominate current blockchain platforms. It has since evolved into a project focused on creating a decentralized mesh-Internet and a platform for other blockchain-based projects. Skycoin is developing an ecosystem with a variety of goals, including: the elimination of mining rewards, development of energy-efficient custom hardware, advancing security and privacy, and achieving transaction speeds that rival current digital payment systems. The ecosystem consists of the native SKY coin, Skywire (decentralized mesh-Internet), Skyminer (hardware and access point for Skywire), Skyledger (decentralized open blockchain network), and a suite of DApps. The consensus algorithm is called Obelisk. The network's nodes agree based on a Web-of-Trust consensus. The ability to influence transaction verification is distributed over the network creating a web of trust. To eliminate mining completely each node on the network connects to a list of nodes that it sees as trustworthy.