Fantom is developing a smart contract platform based on a directed acyclic graph (DAG). They hope to address the scalability issues of current decentralized platforms. Instead of a blockchain, Fantom's Lachesis Protocol uses a directed acyclic graph to confirm transactions asynchronously. This transaction history is immutable and cannot be modified. The platform's Opera Chain will consist of three layers: an application Layer, Opera Ware Layer, and Opera Core Layer. Fanotm issued an Ethereum-based token in 2018.

RIF Token powers the Root Infrastructure Framework Open Standard network. The platform will consist of a suite of open and decentralized infrastructure protocols that will enable faster and easier development of DApps that can work on the Bitcoin blockchain. RIF is built on the RSK smart contract platform, which is secured by Bitcoin's blockchain.

Harmony is developing an open consensus blockchain platform. Harmony's sharding-based consensus mechanism is designed to scale as the number of nodes increases in the network. Harmony aims to tackle issues related to scalability by optimizing across multiple layers in a way that will enable parallel transaction processing with reduced latency. Harmony is currently powered by the ONE token, which is built on the Binance blockchain.