Cardstack is a blockchain technology company that is developing an open-source framework and consensus protocol to make blockchains more usable and scalable. Their goal is to create a decentralized modular smart contract ecosystem. The Cardstack network is powered by the Ethereum-based CARD token.

RIF Token powers the Root Infrastructure Framework Open Standard network. The platform will consist of a suite of open and decentralized infrastructure protocols that will enable faster and easier development of DApps that can work on the Bitcoin blockchain. RIF is built on the RSK smart contract platform, which is secured by Bitcoin's blockchain.

ChainLink is developing the LINK Network, which will enable connected smart contracts. LINK will provide smart contracts with a variety of external data and access to APIs. ChainLink's goal is to solve the connectivity problem that plagues smart contract based systems, and discourages mass adoption. Many decentralized applications are unable to connect with important external data sources due to limitations involving their consensus protocols. The LINK network wants to connect their smart contracts with external systems and APIs by using secure middleware.