Cardstack is a blockchain technology company that is developing an open-source framework and consensus protocol to make blockchains more usable and scalable. Their goal is to create a decentralized modular smart contract ecosystem. The Cardstack network is powered by the Ethereum-based CARD token.

Fantom is developing a smart contract platform based on a directed acyclic graph (DAG). They hope to address the scalability issues of current decentralized platforms. Instead of a blockchain, Fantom's Lachesis Protocol uses a directed acyclic graph to confirm transactions asynchronously. This transaction history is immutable and cannot be modified. The platform's Opera Chain will consist of three layers: an application Layer, Opera Ware Layer, and Opera Core Layer. Fanotm issued an Ethereum-based token in 2018.

Algorand is a Boston based company that is developing a blockchain network with a Pure Proof of Stake (PPoS) consensus mechanism. Algorand's decentralized platform is designed to enable faster transaction times and remove some of the technical barriers of creating scalable DApps. Algorand was founded by Silvio Micali, a pioneer in the field of cryptography.