Cardstack is a blockchain technology company that is developing an open-source framework and consensus protocol to make blockchains more usable and scalable. Their goal is to create a decentralized modular smart contract ecosystem. The Cardstack network is powered by the Ethereum-based CARD token.

Credits is building a blockchain platform focused on speed and scalability. Credits' protocol uses a Delegated Proof-of-Stake (dPoS) consensus mechanism and will be powered by the CS coin. They hope to significantly improve transaction times and reduce fees.

Tendermint is a consensus algorithm that was created by a company called All in Bits. The open source algorithm is Byzantine Fault-Tolerant and uses an authenticated encryption system to secure transactions. The Tendermint consensus mechanism was developed in 2014 for the Cosmos Network. The Interchain Foundation, which is developing the Cosmos Network, continues to employ All in Bits to support Cosmos.