Ethereum Classic is the original protocol of Ethereum. As a result of the massive hack on the Ethereum-based DAO, in which around 14% of all ETH in circulation were stolen, a hard fork was proposed to return the stolen funds to their owners. This caused an ideological split revolving around the question of changing previous transactions in the blockchain. Some Ethereum holders rejected the hard fork, and decided to keep using the original protocol, based on the principle that the blockchain is immutable, and cannot be changed.

Bitcoin Cash SV is a cryptocurrency that was created as a result of a hard fork of the Bitcoin Cash blockchain that occurred on November 15, 2018. The central issue that led to the hard fork of Bitcoin Cash was a debate among prominent members of the Bitcoin Cash community regarding block size. A larger block size can improve transaction times, but also lead to greater network centralization. Roger Ver, an influential cryptocurrency advocate, was one of the central figures in favor of keeping the smaller 32 MB block size, while Craig Wright, the chief scientist at nChain, favored a larger 128 MB block size. The division between these two factions led to the hard fork that created Bitcoin Cash ABC and Bitcoin Cash SV.

Litecoin is a crytptocurrency that was created to serve as the “silver” to bitcoin’s "gold." It is based on the core Bitcoin protocol, but was designed with several key features that provide it with advantages over Bitcoin.
Litecoin has significantly reduced transaction times by limiting the target block processing time to 2.5 minutes. It also has a total coin supply that is 4 times larger, and utilizes a different hashing algorithm called Scrypt, that requires a smaller workload and less computation power than Bitcoin's SHA-256 algorithm. This enables much faster transactions at a much lower cost to users. These features make Litecoin easier to use and to mine. Since its creation, Litecoin has gained a large market cap and widespread adoption among cryptocurrency users in need of a coin for everyday transactions.