pTokens are digital assets that are transparently pegged to another underlying asset. pTokens serve as a Cross-Chain token wrapper that allows users to more easily transfer value between different blockchains. Users can deposit a certain amount of the underlying asset (such as BTC or EOS) and request the equivalent pTokens that are pegged to them 1:1, such as pBTC or pEOS. Token holders can then take advantage of the Ethereum network by more easily exchanging them into ERC-20 tokens.

Cosmos is a cross-chain protocol that is working to establish a standardized way for blockchains to inter-operate. It has been called the internet of blocchains. Cosmos is building a standardized protocol for multiple blockchains to operate freely together, and allow transfers of value between them. Cosmos is made up of a network of blocckhains called zones. Each of these zones will be powered by a the Tendermint consensus protocol. Cosmos will act as a hub, that ties the zones together and manages their coordination. The Cosomos token called ATOM was released in an ICO that raised $53 million, but it will not be traded until the platform is launched.

The Nervos Network is an open-source public blockchain ecosystem that is designed to secure multiple assets. Unlike other smart contract platforms that require users to pay transaction fees to help secure the underlying networks, the Nervos Network hopes to create an incentive system that will enable multiple assets to be secured regardless of their price volatility. It does this by capturing the total network value through its native coin the Nervos CKByte, which entitles holders to storage rights on the Nervos blockchain. The network uses a PoW consensus mechanism.