Ontology is a network designed to be operated across multiple blockchains. Its main focus revolves around trust issues, and it provides identity verification and reputation management capabilities. Ontology's goal is to be a platform for decentralized trust systems in businesses. Their distributed network is set up to facilitate cooperation between different projects in a trust ecosystem. Ontology's framework allows users to customize different public blockchains for different applications. Ontology has a two-token structure. ONT is the utility token of the network that can be used to generate Ontology Gas (ONG). Ontology has an innovative consensus mechanism called Verifiable Byzantine Fault Tolerance (VBFT). It combines elements of Proof-of-Stake (PoS), VRF (Verifiable Number Function), and Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT). The VBFT consensus mechanism will select nodes that meet certain conditions, and will verify transactions.

RChain is building a cross-chain blockchain platform that hopes to improve transaction speeds and scalability. RChain smart contracts are written in Rholang and are run concurrently on the Rho Virtual Machine. Rholang stands for reflective higher-order language, and supports internal concurrent programming to improve smart contract processing.
Rchain supports multiple blockchains on the same node, allowing them to interact and enabling secure cross-chain exchanges of value. It uses a Proof of Stake consensus algorithm and a form of compression called LADL (Logic as a Distributive Law) that is meant to improve DApp performance.
Unlike most blockchains that use public keys to distinguish virtual address spaces, RChain divides its virtual address space into namespaces A namespace is a set of named channels that are used to communicate the location of a network resource. Namespaces allow smart contracts on one blockchain to be visible to system contracts elsewhere on the network. Namespace developers can also use tools and properties to improve system encryption and protocols.
The platform is powered by the RHOC token.

Aelf calls itself a decentralized self-evolving cloud computing network. It is a blockchain operating system that can be customized for development needs. AElf hopes to improve upon current blockchain platforms by emphasizing their unique governance system and sidechain architecture.
AElf's most important feature is its multilayer sidechains and mainchains that can be used for a variety of purposes. Each chain is dedicated to a single use case, and tasks can be distributed more efficiently across multiple chains.
AElf enables cross-chain exchanges of value and has a cross-chain messaging functionality that works with other blockchains, including Bitcoin and Ethereum. Aelf enables parallel processing of transactions that promises to improve performance.
AElf users can create private chains that operate in a similar way to the Amazon's cloud hosting service, allowing developers to utilize the private chain modules to maintain full ownership of their DApps on the Aelf computing network.
Aelf has a Delegated Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism (dPoS). ELF token holders vote on the nodes that will become mining nodes. Those elected nodes then decide how mining incentives are distributed among stakeholders and other nodes. The number of miners on the network is equal to 2N plus 1, with N beginning at 8 and increasing by 1 every year. Miining nodes relay and confirm transactions, transfer data, and package blocks.
The ELF token is also used as a mechanism for the sidechains to be indexed on the mainchain. These indexing fees vary depending on how much the sidechains contribute to the overall ecosystem.